Operation Theatre (Major /Minor)

An operating theater (also known as an operating room, operating suite, operation theatre, and operation room or operation suite) is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment. An operating theatre is where certain invasive surgical procedures – which means operations that involve cutting into and working inside a patient’s body - take place. This might involve either minimally invasive procedures like keyhole surgery – where cameras and a laparoscope are inserted through small incisions – or open surgery where surgeons make larger cuts to reach the internal organs. Complicated operations can last many hours.

Not all hospitals have operating theatres, and some larger hospitals might have more than one in what are called operating suites. Most operating theatres specialize in a certain type of surgery, such as heart or neurosurgery. These theatres will contain lots of specialist equipment, but every operating theatre has bright lights, an operating table for the patient to lie on, an Electrocardiograph Machine to monitor a patient’s heart-rate, and surgical suction machines to remove blood from around the organs the surgeons are treating.
It is also essential that operating theatres are completely sterile, which is why anyone who enters one must wear scrubs and a mask and wash thoroughly, to avoid spreading infection.

Minor :

Minor surgery is any invasive operative procedure in which only skin or mucus membranes and connective tissue is resected e.g. vascular cut down for catheter placement, implanting pumps in subcutaneous tissue. Procedures in which the surgical field cannot be effectively disinfected, e.g. tooth extractions and gingival grafts, will generally be considered minor. This category also includes biopsy, an invasive operative procedure for procurement of tissue samples or body fluids using a needle or trocar.

Minor surgical procedures may be done in a laboratory setting using appropriate aseptic technique, including a clean work area, preparation and disinfection of the surgical site including clipping of the hair and surgical scrub of the skin, draping of the surgical site with sterile drapes, mask by the surgeon and any assistants working in the surgical field.

Major

All major surgical procedures in non-rodent species must use appropriate surgical techniques and must be conducted in facilities intended for survival surgery and used only for that purpose. The facilities must be designed and managed to insure a level of sanitation appropriate for aseptic surgery. The operating room should contain only the equipment and supplies required to support the procedure being performed.
A separate area, apart from the surgery room, must be provided for preparing the animal for surgery although the final surgical preparation, not to include clipping of hair, may be conducted in the surgery. An area equipped with surgical scrub sinks should be apart from the operating room. A surgical-support area should be provided for storing instruments and sterile supplies and for washing and sterilizing instruments.

(i) Laparoscopy Surgery

Laparoscopy is a procedure to look inside your tummy (abdomen) by using a laparoscope. A laparoscope is like a thin telescope with a light source. It is used to light up and magnify the structures inside the abdomen. A laparoscope is passed into the abdomen through a small cut (incision) in the skin.A laparoscopy may be done to find the cause of symptoms such as abdominal pain, pelvic pain or swelling of the abdomen or pelvic region. Or, it may be done if a previous test such as an X-ray or scan has identified a problem within the abdomen or pelvis. A laparoscopy enables a doctor to see clearly inside your abdomen. Some common conditions which can be seen by laparoscopy include

(ii) General Surgery

General surgery is a surgical specialty that focuses on abdominal contents including esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, liver, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts, and often the thyroid gland (depending on local reference patterns). They also deal with diseases involving the skin, breast, soft tissue, trauma, peripheral vascular surgery and hernias.